Using the Spanish Verb Pensar

Pensar typically means to think, but it is not always used in the same way as the English verb. Most significantly, the words that follow pensar might not be the ones you would expect. Keep in mind that pensar is conjugated irregularly. When the stem pens- is stressed, it becomes piens-. Thus, the present indicative forms are pienso (I think), piensas (you think), piensa (he/she/you think), pensamos (we think), pensà ¡is (you think), piensan (they/you think). Here are the main uses of pensar: Using Pensar by Itself Most frequently, pensar, when used by itself, is the equivalent of to think. Pienso, luego existo. (I think, therefore I am.)No pienso mal de ellos. (I dont think bad of them.)El que piensa demasiado siente poco. (The one who thinks too much feels little.) Using Pensar Que Pensar que is a very common way of indicating opinions or beliefs. It often is translated appropriately as to believe rather than to think. In the positive form, it is followed by a verb in the indicative mood. Note that while que in this usage usually can be translated to English as that, it often can be left untranslated, as in third and fourth examples. Pienso que vivo como un cerdo. (I think that I live like a pig.)Mi madre piensa que el doctor es culpable. (My mother believes that the doctor is at fault.)No quiero pensar que me equivoquà ©. (I dont want to believe I made a mistake.)Tambià ©n pensà ¡bamos que la recuperacià ³n econà ³mica iba a ser mà ¡s rà ¡pida. (We also used to believe the economic recovery was going to be quicker.) When used negatively, no pensar que is followed in standard Spanish by a verb in the subjunctive mood. It is not unusual, however, to heard the indicative mood used in casual Spanish. No pienso que seamos diferentes. (I dont believe we are different.)No pensà ¡bamos que fueran a darnos problemas. (We didnt think they were going to give us any problems.)Mis amigos no piensan que yo tenga mà ¡s de 21 aà ±os. (My friends dont believe Im more than 21 years old.) Using Pensar De Pensar de is another way to say to have an opinion about. Esto es lo que pienso de tu regalo. (This is what I think about your gift.)Tenemos que cambiar de lo que pensamos de nosotros mismos. (We need to change what we think about ourselves.)Ya he indicado antes lo que pienso de la clase. (I have already indicated what I think about the class.)No es bueno preocuparse por lo que los otros piensan de usted. (It isnt good to worry yourself about what others think about about you.) Pensar sobre can also mean to have an opinion about, especially when used in a question. Pensar de is more common.  ¿Quà © piensas sobre la nueva web? (What do you think about the new web site?) ¿Quà © piensan sobre los ataques suicidas como instrumento tà ¡ctico para ser utilizado en una guerra? (What do they think about suicide attacks as a tactical instrument to be used in a war?) Using Pensar En When followed by en, pensar typically means to think about in the sense of having ones thoughts focus on something. Note that this isnt the same as using to think about in the sense of having an opinion. Estoy pensando en ti. (Im thinking about you.)Pablo no piensa en los riesgos. (Paul doesnt think about the risks.)Las chicas sà ³lo piensan en divertirse. (The girls think only about having fun.)Nadie piensa en cambiar las baterà ­as. (Nobody thinks about changing the batteries.) Pensar sobre can mean basically the same thing as pensar en but is much less common and is probably overused by English speakers speaking Spanish as a second language or when translating from English to Spanish. Pienso sobre eso dà ­a y noche. (I think about it day and night.)Primero hacen y luego piensan sobre ello. (First they acted, and then they thought about it.) Following Pensar With an Infinitive When followed by an infinitive, pensar is used to indicate plans or intentions. Pensamos salir maà ±ana. (Were intending to leave tomorrow.)Yo pienso estudiar medicina de veterinaria en la universidad. (Im planning on studying veterinary medicine at the university.)Pensaron salir de Venezuela, pero decidieron permanecer. (The were planning to leave Venezuela, but they stayed.)

Khaled Hosseinis The Kite Runner Essay - 1008 Words

Khaled Hosseinis The Kite Runner In the Kite Runner, the author explores the ties that bind sons to fathers and childhood friends to one another and of the forces that tear them apart. Throughout the novel, Khaled Hosseini uses many literary devices such as parallelisms, and characterization, and symbolism. The main message is â€Å"there is a way to be good again.† Amir is continuously changing throughout the story as he narrates†¦show more content†¦In the novel The Kite Runner two of the major themes are redemption and atonement. These themes mean the ability for people to repair or fix past sins or mistakes. People can often achieve redemption by righting past wrongs. This theme is clearly shown in this novel, mainly by Amir. As a child Amir betrayed and was disloyal to Hassan, when he did not help him when he got sexually assaulted. Amir is able to right his past wrongs against Hassan by saving Hassan’s son Sohrab. Redemption, although may sound easy, is hard for people to achieve, such as Amir. Redemption takes great character strength to believe that you can find a way to be good again. Amir could not face himself for what he did; therefore he was not able to forgive himself or redeem himself. Amir needed guidance and a push from a good friend to help him live his life guilt free and to achieve redemption. â€Å"There is a way to be good again, said by Rahim Khan, numerous times in the novel, shows this theme of redemption and atonement. Rahim Khan gave Amir the push that he needed to find atonement and for Hassan and himself to forgive. This shows that most mistakes can be fixed and forgiven. Even though Amir was not able to forget about the past, he was able to move on by helping his son. What pushed him to help Sohrab were mainly guilt and the loss of friendship. 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This decision plagues Amir throughout his entire life as he seeks redemption to ease his regret. In The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, the author uses the journey of Amir to express that in order to be at ease

Separation of a Mixture of Solids Free Essays

Separation of a Mixture of Solids My Flow Chart First remove iron filings with magnet since this is the only substance in the mixture that it is magnetic and will be attracted to a magnet. Second remove the sand by adding the mixture to hot water, which the other two substances are soluble. Third remove the benzoic acid since this is less soluble in cold than salt by cooling the mixture in the heated water. We will write a custom essay sample on Separation of a Mixture of Solids or any similar topic only for you Order Now This will then leave the table salt behind in the water as the last substance. Observations Data Table 1: Experiment Data| Grams (g)| Percent of Mixture (%)| Initial Mixture| 6. 5| 100| Iron Filings| 1. 8| 27. 69| Sand| 1. 7| 26. 15| Table Salt| 1. 9| 29. 23| Benzoic Acid| 0. 8| 12. 31| Combined Total| 6. 2| 95. 38| Questions A. How did your proposed procedures or flow charts at the beginning of this experiment compare to the actual procedures of this lab exercise? My proposed flow chart was very close to that of the actual lab exercise. The only step that I did not include was letting the water evaporate to find isolate the table salt. I suppose I was thinking that it would be estimated by process of elimination. However, I can now that this would not accurately show that true weight and is therefore not scientific. B. Discuss potential advantages or disadvantages of your proposed procedure compared to the one actually used. The disadvantage of my flow chart would be that although the end numbers would be closer to the original mass of the mixture, it would not accurately represent the correct percentages and would not account correctly show the rror that occurred during the process. C. How would you explain a sand recovery percentage that is higher than the original sand percentage? I would explain a sand recovery percentage that is higher than the original sand percentage from water that could still be let in the sand if it has not been given the proper time to fully dry. However, the a small amount of table salt and benzoic acid particle were also left behind in the small amount of water that needed to be dried out of the sand and could account for the higher percentage. D. What were potential sources of error in this experiment? I think that the largest potential for error is in the transfer and handling of the substances. Small particles were left behind in the original weighing dish, graduated cylinder and cup that were not able to be transferred. Human error, like spilling small amount of the mixture in transfer, and mechanical error, like a miscalculated calibration of the scale, could also be sources of error. How to cite Separation of a Mixture of Solids, Papers Separation of a Mixture of Solids Free Essays PURPOSE The purpose of this experiment is to become familiar with the separation of mixtures of solid and learn separation techniques based on the chemical properties of a substance. PROCEDURES 1. Separating out the Iron a. We will write a custom essay sample on Separation of a Mixture of Solids or any similar topic only for you Order Now Use your digital scale to determine the mass of your weighing dish. b. Empty the entire mixture of solids from the plastic bag into the weighing dish and determine the gross mass of the total mixture and weighing dish. Compute the net mass of the mixture: this is equal to the gross mass of the weighing dish with the mixture less the mass of just the weighing dish determined in 1-A. c. Spread the mixture into a very thin layer over a full sized piece of paper. d. Cut a second piece of paper into a 10-cm square. Weigh and record its mass and set it aside. e. Wrap a small square of clear plastic over the magnet. Remove the iron powder/filings by passing the magnet closely over the surface of the entire mixture. Repeat several times to make sure you’ve collected all the iron. f. Holding the magnet over the 10-cm square of paper, carefully remove the plastic and allow all the iron to fall onto the paper. Weigh and determine the net mass of the iron powder/filings. 2. Separating out the Sand a. Put the remaining mixture, containing sand, benzoic acid, and table salt into your beaker and add 50 mL of distilled water. b. Set up the beaker stand and burner fuel and heat the beaker of solids and water to near boiling. Stir the mixture to make sure all soluble material dissolves. At this point, the benzoic acid and the sodium chloride should have dissolved and been extracted from the insoluble sand. c. Decant (pour) the liquid while it is hot into a small paper or Styrofoam ® cup. d. Pour another 10 to 15 mL of distilled water into the beaker containing the sand, bring the mixture to a boil, and decant again into the same cup used in 2-C. This assures that any remaining salt and benzoic acid is removed from the sand. e. Make an ice bath by placing a small amount of crushed ice and tap water into a coffee cup or similar container that is large enough to hold your paper cup of benzoic acid and salt solution. Make sure the ice bath level is higher than the solution level but low enough so that no additional water can pour into the solution cup. f. Place the cup containing the water solution of benzoic acid and salt into the ice bath. Observe the benzoic acid crystallizing out of the solution as it cools. Set this water bath assembly aside until the next section. g. Heat the sand in the beaker over low heat until the sand is completely dry. Sand has a tendency to splatter if heated too rapidly. The possibility of sample loss can be reduced by covering the beaker with a small saucer and heating it very slowly. You might accomplish this also by placing the beaker in a warm oven. Alternatively, you may dump the wet sand onto a double layer of paper towels and let it air-dry. h. When the sand is completely dry allow the beaker to cool to room temperature. i. After the sand and any paper towels used are completely dry transfer the sand to a weighing dish of known mass and determine the net mass of the sand. . Separating out the Benzoic Acid: a. The benzoic acid crystals from Step 2-f above can be separated out by filtration. Use the following instructions to set up a filtration assembly: i. Weigh a paper cup and record the weight (mass). ii. Set the paper cup inside a slightly larger coffee cup or similar container to give the paper cup support and p revent it from tipping over when you add a funnel. iii. Fold a sheet of filter paper in half and then in half again as illustrated. Weigh it. iv. Open one section of the folded filter paper as shown in the bottom illustration. . Place the opened filter paper into the funnel and the funnel into the paper cup supported by the coffee cup. b. Remove the paper cup of salt and benzoic acid crystals from Step 2f from its ice bath. Fill a graduated cylinder with about 5 mL of distilled water and place the cylinder in the ice bath to chill the distilled water. c. Swirl the cup containing the salt and benzoic acid crystals to dislodge any crystals from the sides. Then, while holding the filter paper in place and open, pour the contents of this cup into the filter paper-lined funnel. d. After the sodium chloride solution has fully drained through the filter paper, slowly pour 2 to 5 mL of chilled distilled water around the inside surfaces of the filter paper-lined funnel to make sure all the sodium chloride has been removed from the benzoic acid crystals. e. After all the liquid has drained from the funnel lay the filter paper containing the benzoic acid crystals on folded layers of paper towels and put this someplace where it will not be disturbed while the filter paper and its contents air dry. Depending upon the humidity in your area this can take several hours or days. . When the filter paper containing the benzoic acid crystals is completely dry, weigh it and subtract the weight of the filter paper to obtain the net weight of the benzoic acid crystals. 4. Separating out the Salt a. Remove the funnel from the above filtration assembly and set the paper cup of sodium chloride solution someplace where it will not be disturbed while the water evaporates. Depending upon the humidity in your area this might take several days. When all the water has completely evaporated only sodium chloride will be left in the paper cup. b. Weigh the paper cup with the dried salt crystals inside and then subtract the weight of the cup to get the net weight of the table salt. c. Prepare a data table listing the various components of the mixture and record both their masses in grams to at least 1 decimal place, (i. e. , 0. 1 or 1/10th of a gram) and their percentage of the total mixture. 5. Cleanup: Thoroughly clean, rinse, and dry all equipment and return it to the LabPaq. Throw all used paper cups and paper towels in the trash. OBSERVATIONS, DATA, AND CALCULATIONS Part 1 Mass of weighing dish = 0. 5g Total mixture = 7. 5g Net mass of mixture =6. g Piece of paper =0. 8g Iron fillings + paper =2. 7g Net mass of Iron fillings = 1. 9g Part 2 Net mass of sand =2. 0g Part 3 Paper cup mass =6. 2g Filter paper =1. 0g Filter paper + benzoic acid =2. 7g Net mass of benzoic acid =1. 7g Part 4 Paper cup + salt =7. 1g Net mass of salt =0. 9g Data Table 1: Experiment Data GramsPercent of mixture Iron filings1. 927. 94 % Sand2. 029. 4 1 % Table salt0. 911. 76 % Benzoic acid1. 725. 00 % Total6. 595. 59 % QUESTIONS A. How did your proposed procedures or flow charts at the beginning of this experiment compare to the actual procedures of this lab exercise? It was similar to the procedure described. The only difference was the last step when separating out the Table Salt. I had proposed that we would have to heat the mixture instead of letting it evaporate. B. Discuss potential advantages or disadvantages of your proposed procedure compared to the one actually used. If heated, the salt and water mixture would not have formed any crystals and there would be a chance of losing salt with the excessive heat. C. How would you explain a sand recovery percentage that is higher than the original sand percentage? It would be explained by the possibility of some iron fillings, benzoic acid, or salt remaining in the sand and not separated properly. D. What were potential sources of error in this experiment? First, there were always remains that did not properly detach from the beaker or the stirrer. This occurred especially when separating out pure sand. Second, there is a possibility that some salt remained with the benzoic acid crystals and did not filter through the filter paper causing the mass of benzoic acid to be higher than expected and causing the mass of salt to be lower than expected. CONCLUSIONS This experiment was designed to teach separation of mixtures of solid and learn separation techniques based on the chemical properties of a substance. It utilized several techniques such as filtration, evaporation, crystallization, and separation. Overall, the experiment was very interesting; however, it was challenging at times. The salt water solution at the end took a very long time to fully evaporate and the masses did not add up to the total original mass indicating a loss of substance at some point in the experiment. How to cite Separation of a Mixture of Solids, Essay examples